| 1. |
Which one of the following statements regarding the echocardiographic diagnosis of the abnormality shown is true? |
| | | a) | In order to establish the diagnosis, the valve must be visualized in systole in the short-axis view. |
| | | b) | In order to establish the diagnosis, the valve must be visualized in diastole in the short-axis view. |
| | | c) | In order to establish the diagnosis, doming of the valve must be visualized in the long-axis view. |
| | | d) | In order to establish the diagnosis, color Doppler should be performed. |
| | | e) | In order to establish the diagnosis, continuous wave Doppler should be performed. |
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| 2. | What best describes the abnormality seen? |
| | | a) | Rheumatic mitral valve disease |
| | | b) | Myxomatous disease of the mitral valve |
| | | c) | Fibroelastic deficiency of the mitral valve |
| | | d) | Asymmetric tethering of the mitral valve leaflets |
| | | e) | Symmetric tethering of the mitral valve leaflets |
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| 3. | An 86 year old man presents with progressive shortness of breath and an episode of loss of consciousness. An echocardiogram is performed with the following results: Peak transaortic velocity = 4.2 m/s
Transaortic VTI = 105 cm
LVOT VTI = |
| | | a) | Peak gradient = 71 mmHg, mean gradient = 45 mmHg, AVA = 0.6 cm2 |
| | | b) | Peak gradient = 71 mmHg, DI = 0.25, AVA = 0.9 cm2 |
| | | c) | Peak gradient = 71 mmHg, DI = 0.18, AVA = 0.8 cm2 |
| | | d) | Peak gradient = 71 mmHg, DI = 0.18, AVA = 1.3 cm2 |
| | | e) | AVA cannot be calculated without LVOT velocity |
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| 4. | Please study the image. In reference to the image shown, which of the following statements is true? |
| | | a) | “A” most closely approximates the transaortic gradient obtained by continuous wave Doppler. |
| | | b) | “B” most closely approximates the mean transaortic gradient obtained by continuous wave Doppler. |
| | | c) | The shaded area “C” can be used to calculate the mean transaortic gradient obtained by continuous wave Doppler |
| | | d) | The shaded area “D” represents the peak diastolic aortic regurgitation gradient by continuous wave Doppler. |
| | | e) | The shaded area “D” represents the mean transmitral gradient by continuous wave Doppler. |
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| 5. | What abnormality would you expect to find based on this M-mode echocardiogram? |
| | | a) | Severe aortic regurgitation |
| | | b) | Discrete subaortic stenosis |
| | | c) | Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy |
| | | d) | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
| | | e) | Severe mitral insufficiency |
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